NafemanNathan wrote:What are we calling the core plug? I'd hate the idea of anything internal and that size coming loose

That's a core plug (the round bit with the allen head).
As are the other similar but smaller things you can see in these pics;
They're the only steel bits in the stripped head, aside from the valve guides and seats (which may be such high carbon content they aren't magnetic, ala stainless steel).
Honestly, I've never known a core plug to have a magnetic end on it so I don't really beleive it, but I'm just wondering where else it could have come from and that's the only other suggestion I have. The temp sender is a definite possibility, good work nuc!